Qualitative Research for Extension Impact
by Sarah Havens
University of Missouri Extension
Qualitative research is a methodology used to explore and understand the complexities of human behavior, experiences, and phenomena. Unlike quantitative research, which focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis, qualitative research delves into the richness and depth of human interactions, perceptions, and meanings. It often employs techniques such as interviews, observations, and focus groups to gather data directly from participants in their natural settings. One of the key strengths of qualitative research is its ability to uncover nuances and insights that may not be captured through quantitative methods alone, providing a holistic understanding of the subject under study. This research approach can provide valuable information for Extension professionals that gives insight into our work and provides impact information.
Qualitative research is characterized by its flexible and iterative nature, allowing researchers to adapt their approach based on emerging findings and insights. It emphasizes the importance of context and seeks to interpret the subjective experiences of individuals within their social and cultural contexts. Through techniques such as thematic analysis and grounded theory, qualitative researchers identify patterns, themes, and theoretical frameworks that help illuminate underlying meanings and processes. Ultimately, qualitative research plays a vital role in advancing knowledge in fields such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, and education, offering valuable insights into the complexities of human behavior and social phenomena. Extension works extensively with people providing research-based information. People are central to most of our work and it is important to broaden understanding of their experiences.
One common type is ethnography, which involves immersing researchers in the culture or community being studied to gain a deep understanding of its norms, values, and practices. Another approach is phenomenology, which focuses on exploring individuals' subjective experiences and perceptions of a particular phenomenon. Grounded theory is a method that aims to develop theories grounded in empirical data, often through iterative processes of data collection and analysis. Additionally, narrative inquiry delves into the stories and narratives individuals construct to make sense of their lives and experiences. These are just a few examples of the diverse types of qualitative research, each offering unique insights and methodologies to explore the complexities of human behavior and social phenomena.
I have been using qualitative research methods, specifically phenomenology, to better understand underserved and minority participants in natural resources programming in Missouri. In phenomenology, the research aims to tell the story of someone’s lived experiences. I have been using this approach to document the experiences of volunteer participants in Master Naturalists and in Missouri Stream Team. I have looked at the experiences of minority volunteers as well as the experiences of volunteers that are also living below the poverty line. This research is still in early stages but early findings are being used to better improve access and experiences to volunteers.
